Homosexuals and James Baldwins Role in the Civil Rights Movement Essay

During the Civil Rights Movement, James Baldwin wrote many articles and essays on racial issues. His unique and powerful style invoked the thoughts of many people. What also made Baldwin stand out from others was his homosexuality. Baldwin wrote several essays and novels that had a homosexual theme rooted within the story. It was through this method that Baldwin was able to express his homosexuality and at the same time present a view of black culture that was highly unacceptable during that time period. His works gave him much widespread attention but essentially he was not recognized as a prominent leader of the movement. This was a result of stereotyped images of homosexuals and the desire for African American men to align themselves with the image of being powerful and very masculine. Because African Americans were in the struggle for equality and power here in America, to have a homosexual, who is stereotyped to have effeminate features, might prove detrimenta l in the drive for equality. There were a lot of things going on during the 1960s. The Civil Rights Movement was in full steam and the push for African American quality was greater than ever. The mass of appeal for protest was overwhelming and it spread to other causes as well. Movement could be found in other minority groups, women, and homosexuals as well. This period in time was unique because change was being encouraged and many people took advantage of it. James Baldwin was no exception to this motion of change. During this time period he produced many essays and novels, some of which contained a homosexual theme. He was bold in his move because he was one of a few among many who dealt with the topic. It was only until r... ...among other writers in the literary circle and in a sense became a leader that way. In more recent times, Baldwin has been given much praise for his work, he fueled other writers to follow suit and write about issues like race and sexuality. Hopefully his works will continue to be passed on to others and will open the minds and hearts of many. Works Cited Boykin, Keith. One More River to Cross New York: Anchor Books/Doubleday, 1996. Holland, Sharon P. â€Å"(Pro)Creating Imaginative Spaces and Other Queer Acts: Randall Kenan’s A Visitation of Spirits and Its Revival of James Bladwin’s Absent Black Gay Man in Giovanni’s Room.† McBride 265-87. McBride, Dwight A., ed. James Baldwin Now. New York: New York U P, 1999. Spurlin, William J. â€Å"Culture, Rhetoric, and Queer Identity: James Baldwin and the Identity Politics of Race and Sexuality.† McBride 103-21.

Eating Disorders: Symptoms, Signs, Causes Essay

What is an eating disorder? Well, one of the many definitions for an eating disorder is any range of psychological disorders characterized by disturbed eating habits; which include anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervous (BN) and binge-eating disorder. (CITE). All eating disorders have similar characteristics. This could be a fear of becoming fat, food, weight or calories. The reason why I want to focus on this population is that eating disorders are a significant problem during the adolescent years affecting up to 5% of adolescent girls (Golden et al., 2003). Someone suffering from an eating disorder has a very unhealthy relationship with food that is prying into many areas of their everyday life. An individual may eat little to no food, eat unreasonably massive amounts of food, be infatuated with thoughts of food or exercise, and have a distorted body image. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition (DSM-V) recognizes four main eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). (CITE DSM-5).The signs of an eating disorder will vary and may include refusal to eat, extreme exercise, social withdrawal, self-induced vomiting or binge eating. Many families that have a family member that suffers from an eating disorder also have an increased risk of depression, obesity, substance abuse or consuming too much food. People that suffer from eating disorders may struggle socially, physically and or mentally, there are also many symptoms and signs to watch for. (article 7) Causes of Eating Disorders: Eating Disorders are complex disorders, influenced by a faà §ade of factors. Thought the exact cause of eating disorders is unknown, it is generally believed that a combination of biological, psychological and/or environmental abnormalities contribute to the development of these illnesses. (Cite Article 4) Biological Factors: When it comes to biological factors some include; certain people may have irregular hormone functions that increase their risk of developing eating disorders. Genetics (the tie between eating disorders and one’s genes is still being heavily researched, but we know that genetics is a part of the story). And lastly, there are nutritional deficiencies; which is an inadequate supply of essential nutrients in diet resulting in malnutrition or disease. (Mayo Clinic) Psychological Factors Some of the psychological factors or emotional health include people with a negative body image. They may have low self-esteem, perfectionism impulsive behavior and troubled relationships with friends and loved ones. (Article 4) Environmental Factors Environmental factors or social factors that would contribute to the occurrence of eating disorders are dysfunctional family dynamic, professions and careers that promote being thin and weight loss, such modeling. Aesthetically oriented sports, where an emphasis is placed on maintaining a lean body for enhanced performance. Family and childhood traumas: childhood sexual abuse, severe trauma and cultural and/or peer pressure among friends and co-workers. (Article 6) Signs and Symptoms: (CITIE Article) Symptoms may vary depending on the type of eating disorder. A man or a woman suffering from an eating disorder may reveal several signs and symptoms that are both the same and different. Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia is possible life-threatening eating disorder characterized by an atypically low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight and one-sided perception of weight or shape. People that suffer from anorexia use dangerous efforts to control their weight and shape, which often knowingly interferes with their lifestyle. Obsession with calories and fat contents of food or use other methods to lose weight; such as having engaging in formalized eating patterns, including, cutting food into tiny pieces, eating alone, and/or hiding food. (Cite article 5) Bulimia Nervosa Bulimia is a serious, theoretically life-threatening eating disorder. When you have bulimia, you have episodes of bingeing and purging that involve feeling a lack of control over your eating. Many people with bulimia also restrict their eating during the day, which often leads to more binge eating and purging (Cite article 3). During these episodes, bulimics typically eat a large amount of food in a short time, and then try to rid of the extra calories in an unhealthy way. Because of guilt, shame and an intense fear of weight gain from overeating, they may force vomiting (purging bulimia), exercise too much, or use other methods, such as laxatives, to get rid of the calories (no purging bulimia). Even if you are bulimic, you’re undoubtedly preoccupied with weight and body shape and may judge severely and harshly for self-perceived flaws. Bulimic may be at a normal weight or even a bit overweight. (Cite article 4) Binge-Eating Disorder When it comes to a binge-eating disorder, many regularly eat too much food (binge) and feel a lack of control over eating. Eating quickly or eat more food than intended, even when not hungry, and may continue eating even long after becoming uncomfortably full. After a binge, there may feeling of guilty, disgusted or ashamed by the behavior displayed and the amount of food eaten (Cite Article 2). Many will try to but do not try to compensate for this behavior with excessive exercise or purging, as someone with bulimia or anorexia might. Embarrassment can lead to eating alone to hide bingeing. A new round of bingeing usually occurs at least once a week. Many may be normal weight, overweight or obese (Cite article 1) Treatments: Treatment of an eating disorder generally includes a team approach. The team typically includes medical providers, mental health providers and dietitians; all with experience in eating disorders. Many of the treatments are based around your specific type of eating disorder. However, in general, it typically includes psychotherapy, nutrition education and medication thorough being either an outpatient, or inpatient and if your life is at risk the possibility of being hospitalized. (CITIE ARTICLE 2). Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy can help learn how to replace unhealthy habits with healthy ones. Psychotherapy can also help to improve the relationships and moods. Psychotherapy can include both Cognitive Behavioral therapy and Family Based Therapy. (Cite Article 3) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is applicable to all eating disorders but has been most intensively studied in the treatment of bulimia nervosa (BN). CBT is designed to alter abnormal attitudes about body shape and weight. (CITE ARTICLE 1) CBT is effective in reducing all core features of BN and shows good maintenance of therapeutic improvement. Family Based Therapy Family Based Therapy (FBT) is an evidence-based treatment for children and over teenagers dealing with eating disorders. The family is involved in making sure that the child or other family member follow healthy-eating patterns and maintains a healthy body image and weight. (Cite article 1) Outpatient: The goals of this form of treatment include restoring a normal weight and maintaining that weight, managing physiologic abnormalities, reducing the comorbid psychiatric symptoms such as depression, and changing the fundamental thoughts that are underlying the anorexia. Bulimics require similar medical management with the goal of the treatment being the restoration of a normalized eating pattern free of the binge and/or purge cycle. (Article 6) Partial Hospitalization: For the patient with anorexia nervosa (AN) who have had repeated hospitalizations, a partial hospitalization treatment plan is recommended. The partial hospitalization treatment should follow a group treatment model and should include nutritional counseling, meal planning and additional groups such as social skills training. For a patient with BN who are in transition from inpatient to outpatient treatment or those whose bingeing and purging have begun to interfere with their functioning may be treated in partial hospitalization. (Article 3) Inpatient Treatment: The criteria need for hospitalization for both anorexia and bulimia include unstable medical conditions. Weight loss of 10% to 15% or more normal for relapse only or 16% to 20% or more if it is a patients’ first episode. (Cite article 1). The inpatient hospitalization beings with a full evaluation, including a psychiatric and medical evaluation. Patients with anorexia are fed initially with supplemental liquid feedings 6 times a day until they are within at least 10% of their goal weight. Patients who refuse the feedings consistently and do not gain weight are given feeing through nasal gastric tubes (Mayo Clinic). Bulimic patients being with food trays. The goal for both anorectics and bulimics is self-regulated weight maintenance. This is done through letting the patient self-selecting meals after a period of weight maintenance within their range. Both the bulimic and the anorectic are participants in response prevention techniques intended to prevent any purging behavior. (John Hopkins) Future Practitioner Helping Individual with Eating Disorders from Empowerment and Strength Perspectives The empowerment perspective and the strength-based approach work together. In social service work, the strengths-based approach involves helpers highlighting the client’s strengths and not their shortfalls. There are different ways to empower clients; and how empowerment can benefit the clients and social services workers attitudes, relationships etc. Social workers need to be aware and practice methods for empowerment effectively to be able to believe in their client’s strengths, abilities, and dreams. (Cite empowerment article). Empowerment does not give people power, people already have plenty of power. Empowerment is defined as letting this power out. It encourages people to gain the skills and knowledge that will allow them to overcome obstacles in life or work environment and eventually help them develop strengths within themselves or in the society (Cite Theo class).

Understanding the Brain The Case of Phineas Cage Essay...

What impairments would you expect to see following lesions to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex? Compare and contrast with lesions affecting the dorsolateral prefontal cortex. In 1948 Phineas Gage, an American railroad construction foreman, was involved in a terrible accident during which a tamping iron was explosively forced upwards through his left cheek and exiting the top of his head (Harlow, 1948). He stunned his colleagues by not only surviving the event and swiftly regaining consciousness but by also by walking to a nearby cart. Gage regained many of his physical and mental abilities but remained altered in his personality to the extent that he was considered â€Å"gross, profane, coarse and vulgar† (Bigelow, 1851), having previously†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, results of studies with animals with focal lesions have been extrapolated to provide insight into the functioning of the human brain. The results of these studies have helped to generate a number of theories regarding the role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in human thought and behaviour. Broadly, the PFC is the area responsible for ‘executive function’ and is involved in complex planning, moderation of social behaviour, expression of personality and decision-making. A key role is the integration of information from other areas of the brain in order to ensure behaviour that is consistent with internal goals. To explain how the PFC functions, Miller and Cohen (2001) propose the Guided Activation Theory, which suggests that the PFC modulates activity flow along pathways in more posterior parts of the brain, particularly enhancing flow along task-relevant pathways. Some authors have argued strongly for localisation of function within areas of the PFC. 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World s Most Dangerous Gang Essay - 2114 Words

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The Politics Of Hispanic Education Essay - 1090 Words

Furthermore, the government has also lacked on providing support to Latinos by denying or diminishing educational opportunities, opportunities that have been offered to other ethnic groups. The government has not only limited the possibilities of Latinos to achieve a higher education but has also made it difficult for Latinos to escalate at a at a higher pace towards their dream career. In the Book, The Politics of Hispanic Education: Un Paso Pa lante Y Dos Pa tras, by Kenneth J. Meier and Joseph Stewart, the authors claim, â€Å"If Hispanics are denied equal access to education and, as a result, receive less formal education or receive education of inferior quality, then discrimination in other areas is much easier. Without education, a person may not be hired because she or he is not qualified. Without a job, inadequacies in income, housing, health care, and countless other amenities of life are exacerbated† (2). Meaning, if a Latino is restricted to an equal education as other ethnic groups, it can be the cause of multiple other complications. For example, Bilingual education was removed by No Child Left Behind and that affects Latinos since a high percentage are English learners. Without a proper education, Latinos will have a hard time accomplishing their goals; therefore, it can lead up to having disadvantages with obtaining a proper job, and can end with having difficulties earning enough income to support oneself and one’s family. Although the government statesShow MoreRelated Hispanic American Diversity Essay1207 Words   |  5 PagesHispanic American Diversity Hispanic groups of all origins have a profound interest when relocating to the United States. Hispanic groups such as Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cuban Americans and Central and South Americans share the same common interest of prosperity and a future for their families. 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Communications for Organizations

Question: Write about theCommunications for Organizations. Answer: Introduction The study is focused on describing a comparison of the advertisements of two consumer products that will include one banking product and a convenience product. The advertisements will be researched in a different perspective. The consumer behavior of the Australian consumer is detected by conducting a research on the two products chosen for the study. The banking products chosen for the advertisements are home loans of National Australia Bank and Kelloggs Special K products. Apart from that, research is to be conducted among consumers in order to determine the consumer behavior. Comparison of the Advertisements The two products selected for the analysis of the advertisement are Home loan of National Australia Bank and breakfast cereals of Kelloggs Special K. The demographical segmentation of the two advertisements will consider elements of the segmentation such as age, gender, income, education, family structure, etc. Demographic segmentation is defined as the form of market segmentation that is used by the marketers by using the above variables while targeting the customers in the selected target customers (Solomon 2014). The demographics of the home loan advertisement of National Australia targets the people who falls under the age group of 30 to 45 years of age. The people who are targeted are either businessman, middle level managers in corporate organizations, etc. Both male and female are targeted for selling home loans of the bank. The target customer may have either family having a single child or more than one child (Samson and Voyer 2014). The demographics of Kelloggs Special K are related to the women who are conscious of their health. The women who are targeted for their advertisements fall between the age group of 25 to 45 years of age. The women can be house wife or working who are conscious of their health. The secondary target customers are the men who are having a family. As it is a breakfast cereal and a staple product, hence it is targeted to different types of women of all age categories (Betsch and Haberstroh 2014). Consumer Buying Decision Process Consumer behavior is the vital aspect that is required for every brand in order to increase the brand image in the target market of the company. Consumers of Australia have certain criteria that the companies must focus. The five stages of buyer decision process are need or problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, post purchase behavior, etc. It can be said that the customers of Australia have different types of attitude in terms of buying different types of products. In this circumstances, the consumer buying decision process in case of both the products such as Kelloggs special K and the home loans of National Australia Bank (Zhang et al. 2014). The need recognition of both the products is different from one another. Women who want to reduce their weight will tend to buy the Kelloggs K breakfast cereal. While taking the decision of buying the cereal, the customers will search for the best product at their budget. In the supermarket, they will search for the information of the products that will surpass the needs of their weight loose. The consumers will consider the evaluation of the alternatives of different types of breakfast cereals while they go to the supermarkets (Kelley, Cranor and Sadeh 2013). There are different products that belong to same category. Consumers will decide among the alternatives about buying the actual product. Same goes with home loans of National Australia. Before taking the home loan, the customer will research about different types of home loans provided by another bank. The consumers will definitely search for other alternatives of home loans of other banks. After the purchasing decision, the po st purchase behavior of the different types of service provider is important while retaining customers in their company. The post purchase is related to the service of the company (Frederiks, Stenner and Hobman 2015). Research on ConsumerBehavior Primary research along with the secondary research will be done in order to determine the actual consumer behaviour of the Australian consumers while buying two products. It can be said that the two types of research methodology will considered as the backup of one another. The research methodology of the study contains primary data collection methods such as focus groups (Luce 2015). Focus groups in this circumstance are a positive option when compared to the other forms of primary data collection method. Other forms of primary data collection methods are not feasible in this research because this research consists of very little number of respondents and the questions and the idea of the research topic as well as the research problem is descriptive in nature (Simonson 2016). Quantitative research approach will be used in order to calculate the data collected from the sample respondents of the research. The advantages of using focus group as a form of primary data collection method are observation of the behaviour of the Australian consumers for the two fields of works. The natures of the products are different from one another. Hence, they will show a different type of consumer behaviour (Chen et al. 2015). The types of demographic characteristics also need to be understood so that the characteristics of the different types of consumers can be understood which portrays the aspects of the five consumer-buying patterns. The type of buying patterns will be definitely different as the products belong to different genre. On the other hand, the requirement is different (Fang et al. 2016). Research Problem and Research Questions The research question of the research topic is provided in the research. The question is Is the decision making process the same for both the products? It is earlier described that the primary data collection methods of the research chosen is different types of sample respondents from different types of areas. Different types of questions will be asked in the focus groups such as: 1) Have you purchased home loans from National Australia Bank and Kelloggs Special K from Coles? 2) Why do you choose the products? 3) Do you go through all five stages of decision-making process? 4) If you have purchased one of the two items, which stage of decision making process is the most important? It can be said that the demographics of the five respondents will be mentioned in the survey findings. The five respondents are collected from the area of Australia where the supermarket and the bank is available in a same shopping complex area. Hence, the area is chosen in a way. The respondents are enthusiastic in participating in the focus groups as they are given the privilege to describe about their shopping experiences. The different natures of the respondents will help the researcher in gathering actual knowledge of the consumer-purchasing pattern (Lysonski and Durvasula 2013). Survey Findings The survey findings will discuss the results that are gathered both from primary forms of data collection and from secondary forms of data collection. The respondents will be addressed as Person 1, Person 2, Person 3, Person 4 and Person 5. The demographics of the respondents are discussed below: Person 1: She is a woman of 35 years of age. She is working in a private firm as a middle level manager. She is a regular consumer of Kelloggs Special K, as she is health conscious. Person 2: He is a banker of 45 years of age. He has purchased the home loans of National Australia Bank. Person 3: She is a woman of 28 years of age. She is a house wife. She is a consumer of Kelloggs Special K. Person 4: She is a woman of 32 years of age. She is working in a government firm. She has a family of four. She has purchased the home loans from National Australia Bank. Person 5: He is a senior manager of a corporate firm. His age is 38. He used to shop the daily consumer goods for his family from Coles. He said that his wife is a regular consumer of Kelloggs Special K. The results of the focus group depict the fact that the none of the customers is buyers of two products simultaneously. The focus group interview process illustrates the result that the different consumers mostly follow all the consumer decision-making processes. Apart from the Person 5, all the rest consumers follow the stages. Among the five respondent, two persons claimed that they are very much focused on the evaluation alternatives more than any other stages of decision making process. The consumers have chosen the products because they think that the products will surpass the latent demands of them as per the taste, price and quality of the products (Maity and Dass 2014). Conclusion It can be concluded that, the companies must focus on the different aspects of the consumers shopping attributes as it affects a lot on the profitability of the company and the sales volume as a whole. The whole research consists of the five stages if decision making of shoppers of two products of different genres. Apart from that, the advertisement analysis of the different products says that the companies must focus on the different types of consumer behaviour of the Australian shoppers. References Betsch, T. and Haberstroh, S. eds., 2014.The routines of decision making. Psychology Press. Chen, C.H., Nguyen, B., Klaus, P.P. and Wu, M.S., 2015. Exploring Electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) in The Consumer Purchase Decision-Making Process: The Case of Online HolidaysEvidence from United Kingdom (UK) Consumers.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,32(8), pp.953-970. Fang, J., Wen, C., George, B. and Prybutok, V.R., 2016. Consumer heterogeneity, perceived value, and repurchase decision-making in online shopping: The role of gender, age, and shopping motives.Journal of Electronic Commerce Research,17(2), p.116. Frederiks, E.R., Stenner, K. and Hobman, E.V., 2015. Household energy use: Applying behavioural economics to understand consumer decision-making and behaviour.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,41, pp.1385-1394. Kelley, P.G., Cranor, L.F. and Sadeh, N., 2013, April. Privacy as part of the app decision-making process. InProceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 3393-3402). ACM. Luce, M.F., 2015. Consumer Decision Making.The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making, pp.875-899. Lysonski, S. and Durvasula, S., 2013. Consumer decision making styles in retailing: evolution of mindsets and psychological impacts.Journal of Consumer Marketing,30(1), pp.75-87. Maity, M. and Dass, M., 2014. Consumer decision-making across modern and traditional channels: E-commerce, m-commerce, in-store.Decision Support Systems,61, pp.34-46. Samson, A. and Voyer, B.G., 2014. Emergency purchasing situations: Implications for consumer decision-making.Journal of Economic Psychology,44, pp.21-33. Simonson, I., 2016. Imperfect Progress: An Objective Quality Assessment of the Role of User Reviews in Consumer Decision Making, A Commentary on de Langhe, Fernbach, and Lichtenstein.Journal of Consumer Research,42(6), pp.840-845. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Zhang, K.Z., Zhao, S.J., Cheung, C.M. and Lee, M.K., 2014. Examining the influence of online reviews on consumers' decision-making: A heuristicsystematic model.Decision Support Systems,67, pp.78-89.

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